Video file types and settings

Resolution

SD: (640 × 480) this is Standard Definition.
Wide VGA or WVGA: (640+ x 480) theses are usually used on mobile phones.
720p: (1280 x 720) this is High Definition but most people these days state this this is only Standard Definition.
1080p: (1920 x 1080) this is True High Definition but most people these days state this this is only High Definition.
2.7K: (2704 x 1520)
4K: (3840 x 2160)
8K: (7680 × 4320) the current highest ultra-high definition television resolution this is incredibly uncommon.
8K Fulldome: (8192×8192) the resolution of top-end modern projection for hemispherical fulldome theatres.

The reason you don’t use 4K for everything is the much higher cost of the equipment (cameras) you use to create the video, as well as the much larger file size and when editing the file some program struggle with the larger size. When you on your phone you don’t really need the higher quality it is just a waste unless you put it on a much higher resolution display output.

File types

These are some common video formats.

Webm: Royalty-free format created for HTML5 video. - Universal
FLV: Flash Video. - Universal
Avi: Audio Video Interleave. – Windows
Mov, qt: QuickTime File Format. - Apple
Raw: Supports all resolutions, sampling structures, and frame rates and no video coding. - Universal
wmv: Windows Media Video. - Windows
nsv: Nullsoft Streaming Video very uncommon used nowadays. - Universal
mpg, mp2, mpeg, mpe and mpv: these are fairly old, but there are still widely used. In addition, all nearly identical. - Windows

Applications

These are some common programs used for generating video-based media:

Premiere pro: a industry-leading video editing software, that can edit virtually any type of media and alows you to create professional productions for film, web and TV.

Windows moviemaker: you can quickly turn your photos and videos into movies. you can add  transitions, special effects, sounds in to your final piece.

These are some common devises used for orbiting video-based media from the real world:

DSLRs:  (digital single-lens reflex camera) this kinda camera allows you to have much more control than almost all other kinds of camera.

Handycams:  a brand name of  a range of Sony camcorders, and the camera has a palm size design that is much easier to hold single handed.